U.S. private equity and hedge funds are backing an effort by Ethiopia to turn itself into an exporter of electricity to the region, channeling at least $4 billion into geothermal projects across the nation.G
The Ethiopian government has signed 25-year power purchase agreements with Reykjavik Geothermal Ltd., a developer led by Michael Philipp, the former head of Europe, Middle East and Africa for Credit Suisse Group AG. The company is backed by by billionaire hedge fund manager Paul Tudor Jones and Ambata Capital Partners, an investment firm run by Philipp.
Seleshi Bekele, the electricity and water minister, is seeking to quadruple Ethiopia’s power generation by 2020 and expand power sales abroad that now bring in about $90 million a year. The government also is seeking to bring power to all households by 2025, up from about 30 percent currently.
“We’re focusing on generating from renewable sources,” Bekele said in an interview in London. “We want to be carbon neutral,” he said, adding that he’d like emissions to remain at or below 2010 levels by 2030.
Ethiopia currently gets more than 90 percent of its electricity from hydro-electric plants, benefiting from powerful rivers such as the Nile. It is now at the beginning of building out other forms of renewable energy, especially geothermal wells that tap the natural heat from underground rock structures in a rift valley that passes through the nation.
Growing Demand
“The demand is growing very rapidly -- 25 to 30 percent every year, so we are trying to satisfy this demand,” said Azeb Asnake, chief executive officer of Ethiopian Electric Power Corp. “We also have a lot of industrial parks coming up -- agriculture industry and the like -- with more than 12 under construction or under operation. We really need to provide power to all this demand.”
It’s not the first time Ethiopia set out ambitious plans for power generation. In 2014, Ethiopian officials told the the Financial Times they wanted 11 gigawatts of capacity within three years. Capacity today is about 4.3 gigawatts, almost double the previous figure. Bekele is now targeting 17 gigawatts by 2020.
Geothermal draws heat from underground and uses it to drive a power turbine. The technology is lauded as one of the only sources of energy that is both baseload and renewable, since geothermal wells flow constantly, unlike wind and solar power.
“Ethiopia has some of the best geothermal reserves in the world, certainly top 10, maybe top five,” Michael Philipp, chairman of Reykjavik Geothermal, said by phone. “Geothermal is a very underdeveloped sector, only about 1 percent of the world’s reserves have been developed, so there’s significant upside to getting that right.”
Investment Flowing
Reykjavik Geothermal is an Icelandic company that’s working on two projects in Ethiopia, Corbetti and Tulu Moye. Each is expected to cost about $2 billion. They will have capacities of 520 megawatts apiece, which together is about the same as a nuclear reactor working at full tilt, and will be located 250 kilometers (155 miles) south of the capital city of Addis Ababa.
Backers of Reykjavik Geothermal won’t finance the projects alone. Philipp has raised $150 million by bringing in French energy and infrastructure investor Meridiam SAS, InfraCo Africa in the U.K., Icelandic Drilling Co. and African Renewable Energy Fund, which is part of the African Development Bank. He’s seeking an additional $450 million and said he has received interest from pension funds, private equity firms, insurers and infrastructure funds
He’s also looking to raise $1 billion of debt from development banks, such as the European Investment Bank and the Overseas Private Investment Corp.’s Power Africa program and about $500 million from export credit agencies. Philipp expects to reach financial close in 18 to 24 months.
The projects are due to be working within seven years, with the first 50 megawatts online in two to three years
Reykjavik Geothermal is also at early stages on a third project in Ethiopia
Ethiopia is seeking investors for all the projects and will hold competitive tenders for renewables such as solar this year
Support sought from World Bank’s International Finance Corp.’s Scaling Solar project, which helped fund the technology in Zambia, Senegal and Madagascar.
Reykjavik Geothermal is also at early stages on a third project in Ethiopia
Ethiopia is seeking investors for all the projects and will hold competitive tenders for renewables such as solar this year
Support sought from World Bank’s International Finance Corp.’s Scaling Solar project, which helped fund the technology in Zambia, Senegal and Madagascar.
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